Wednesday, 27 February 2019

Downing Street cred

Yesterday’s announcement that Theresa May will, for the first time, countenance the possibility of an extension of the Article 50 deadline came not a moment too soon. To recap, the PM announced: (i) that she will offer a second meaningful vote on the Withdrawal Agreement no later than 12 March; (ii) if parliament rejects it yet again, then the government will table a vote no later than 13 March to ask MPs if they accept leaving without a deal; (iii) if they do not, parliament will be asked to vote on 14 March whether it will vote for an extension of Article 50 beyond 29 March.

Theresa May's credibility dwindles by the day 

I have been pointing out for months that an Article 50 extension was the most sensible outcome given parliament’s failure to agree what it wants, and it is good to see that reason finally appears to have penetrated 10 Downing Street. A bigger question is what took the PM so long to understand the reality of the UK’s position? It is understandable that she wants to get parliament to accept the Withdrawal Agreement negotiated in November, but her strategy of insisting there was a choice only between her deal and no deal was never realistic.

More than anything the decision confirmed the impression of a prime minister whose authority has disappeared like a badly fixed wig in a hurricane. Over the past two years May has promised that the government would decide the timing of Article 50, until the Supreme Court determined that it was a matter for parliament. She gambled on a general election and lost her parliamentary majority. She promised that “we will take back control of our laws and bring an end to the jurisdiction of the European Court of Justice” but is now pushing an Agreement with the EU in which “the UK’s domestic courts and authorities will be required to have due regard to the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union.” May has also faced down a leadership challenge in which one-third of her party’s MPs failed to support her and when the Withdrawal Agreement was put to the vote it was defeated by the biggest majority inflicted on any government since 1924. Then there is the small matter of the parliamentary rebellion two weeks ago by members of her own party, which failed to offer support for the negotiating position with the EU that they had instructed her to take. And now, the prime minister who has promised parliament more than 100 times previously that the UK will leave the EU on 29 March is prepared to renege on that commitment as well.

This lack of credibility matters for what happens next. A three-month postponement of the Article 50 deadline will nominally give the PM more time to renegotiate with Brussels. But the EU has already stated that it will not renegotiate the Irish backstop arrangement, which is such a sticking point for Brexit-supporting MPs. Nor is it likely to grant major concessions to a leader who cannot guarantee that they will be passed by parliament. In addition, May cannot simply replay the trick of telling MPs that if they do not pass her Withdrawal Agreement the UK will crash out of the EU at the end of June without a deal, given that she has already blinked in the face of reality.

Nor is the economics credible

As if we needed reminding of the damage that a no-deal Brexit could cause, DExEU yesterday published a summary document outlining the difficulties that the economy would face. In short, it highlights the lack of preparedness with government departments reported as “being on track for … just over two thirds of the most critical projects.” The UK has signed trade agreements with only one of its major trading partners (Switzerland which was the 12th largest export market in 2017) though does have arrangements in place with Chile, the Faroe Islands, members of the Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) Economic Partnership Agreement, Israel and the Palestinian Authority (which makes me wonder what Liam Fox has been doing since autumn 2016). 

In addition, DExEU also speared one of the options put forward by Brexit supporters that Article XXIV of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) will allow tariff-free trade with the EU for a ten-year period. As DExEU pointed out, “This is a misunderstanding of what the rules are … [since] it would require the agreement of the EU.” And as the Secretary of State for International Trade told the House of Commons on 14 January this year, the “suggestion would not deal with all the regulatory issues—the non-tariff barriers—that are so important to many businesses.”

DExEU also pointed out that “there is little evidence that businesses are preparing in earnest for a no deal scenario, and evidence indicates that readiness of small and medium-sized enterprises in particular is low.” Other gems include the nugget that 30% of the UK’s food supply comes from the EU and “the potential disruption to trade across the Short Channel Crossings would lead to reduced availability and choice of products” with the result that “food prices are likely to increase, and there is a risk that consumer behaviour could exacerbate, or create, shortages in this scenario.” The report goes on to point out that the “service sector (which makes up around 80% of UK GDP) is supported by free movement of people and a range of cross-cutting regulation such as mutual recognition of qualifications. In a no deal scenario … the UK would risk a loss of market access and increase in non-tariff barriers.” It concludes that a no-deal Brexit on 29 March “does not allow Government to unilaterally mitigate the effects of no deal.”

None of this comes as any surprise to the economics profession, which has been warning of these issues for more than three years. Given the complexity of the issues outlined in the report, matters will be no different on 30 June. Of course much of this can be avoided if the UK signs the Withdrawal Agreement. But this would make the UK an EU rule taker, which is (i) a much worse position than the one we enjoy today as an EU member and (ii) not a position the Brexiteers have shown any willingness to sign up to. That said, in an interview this morning in the Financial Times, Jacob-Rees Mogg, the keeper of the Brexit flame, suggested he was prepared to back down from his hardline position on the Irish backstop. Perhaps he now realises that if he blocks the Withdrawal Agreement, the bad Brexit that would result may be the only one he will get given that the Labour Party has moved towards backing a second referendum which may reverse the 2016 result.

Those suggesting we should just “get on with it” because “that’s what the people voted for” are wrong. There are no good outcomes – only less bad ones. But it would help if certain politicians, starting with the prime minister, were more honest about the trade-offs that Brexit entails. That way, voters might be able to make less ill-informed choices rather than relying on slogans painted on buses.

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